从命令行到 2D 图形：Python 游戏开发实战路径

import random

player_hp = 100
enemy_hp = 80

while player_hp > 0 and enemy_hp > 0:
    action = input("攻击(a) / 防御(d): ").strip().lower()
    if action == "a":
        damage = random.randint(10, 25)
        enemy_hp -= damage
        print(f"你打出 {damage} 点伤害，敌人剩余 {enemy_hp} HP")
    elif action == "d":
        print("你进入防御姿态，本回合伤害减半")
    else:
        print("无效指令，浪费一个回合")

    # 敌人回合
    enemy_damage = random.randint(5, 15)
    if action == "d":
        enemy_damage = enemy_damage // 2
    player_hp -= enemy_damage
    print(f"敌人攻击你 {enemy_damage} 点，你剩余 {player_hp} HP\n")

print("你赢了！" if player_hp > 0 else "你倒下了…")

import turtle

screen = turtle.Screen()
screen.title("turtle 方块移动")
screen.setup(400, 400)

block = turtle.Turtle()
block.shape("square")
block.color("blue")
block.penup()

def move_up():
    block.setheading(90)
    block.forward(20)

def move_down():
    block.setheading(270)
    block.forward(20)

def move_left():
    block.setheading(180)
    block.forward(20)

def move_right():
    block.setheading(0)
    block.forward(20)

screen.onkey(move_up, "Up")
screen.onkey(move_down, "Down")
screen.onkey(move_left, "Left")
screen.onkey(move_right, "Right")
screen.listen()

screen.mainloop()

# meteor_dodge.py — Pygame 飞船躲避陨石
# 运行: pip install pygame && python meteor_dodge.py

import pygame, random, sys

pygame.init()

WIDTH, HEIGHT = 480, 640
FPS = 60
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((WIDTH, HEIGHT))
pygame.display.set_caption("陨石躲避")
clock = pygame.time.Clock()

# --- 颜色 ---
WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
BLACK = (0, 0, 0)
RED = (220, 50, 50)
BLUE = (50, 120, 220)

# --- 精灵 ---
class Player(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.image = pygame.Surface((40, 30))
        self.image.fill(BLUE)
        pygame.draw.polygon(self.image, WHITE, [(20, 0), (0, 30), (40, 30)])
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect(centerx=WIDTH // 2, bottom=HEIGHT - 20)
        self.speed = 5

    def update(self):
        keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
        if keys[pygame.K_LEFT]:
            self.rect.x -= self.speed
        if keys[pygame.K_RIGHT]:
            self.rect.x += self.speed
        self.rect.clamp_ip(screen.get_rect())  # 不超出屏幕

class Meteor(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        size = random.randint(20, 40)
        self.image = pygame.Surface((size, size))
        self.image.fill(RED)
        pygame.draw.circle(self.image, BLACK, (size // 2, size // 2), size // 2)
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect(
            x=random.randint(0, WIDTH - size),
            y=-size
        )
        self.speed = random.randint(2, 6)

    def update(self):
        self.rect.y += self.speed
        if self.rect.top > HEIGHT:
            self.kill()  # 超出屏幕则移除

player = Player()
meteors = pygame.sprite.Group()
all_sprites = pygame.sprite.Group(player)

score = 0
font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 36)

running = True
while running:
    clock.tick(FPS)

    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            running = False

    # 每帧随机生成陨石
    if random.random() < 0.03:
        m = Meteor()
        meteors.add(m)
        all_sprites.add(m)

    all_sprites.update()

    # 碰撞检测
    if pygame.sprite.spritecollide(player, meteors, dokill=True):
        running = False  # 碰到陨石，游戏结束

    # 存活帧数计为分数
    score += 1

    # --- 渲染 ---
    screen.fill(BLACK)
    all_sprites.draw(screen)
    score_text = font.render(f"Score: {score}", True, WHITE)
    screen.blit(score_text, (10, 10))
    pygame.display.flip()

pygame.quit()
sys.exit()

pip install pygame
python meteor_dodge.py